The article explores how Genghis Khan’s generals — Subutai, Jebe, and Jelme — transformed the Mongol forces into the most effective army of the Middle Ages. It explains the principles of selection based on talent, the role of strategy, speed, and personal loyalty, and shows why the military system of the Mongol Empire changed the course of history and continues to be studied by historians and strategists today.

The article explores Tengrism as the foundation of the religion and worldview of the ancient Mongols. It explains belief in the Eternal Sky, the role of shamans, spirits, and rituals, the connection between religion, power, and conquest, as well as the legacy of Tengrism in the culture of Central Asia. The text helps clarify how shamanism shaped nomadic thinking and influenced the history of the Mongol Empire.

The article explores the Mongol postal system known as the Yam—the world’s first ultra-fast communication network, which made it possible to govern a vast empire in the Middle Ages. It explains how the Yam functioned, examines its speed and efficiency, and highlights its role in military and administrative control, as well as its historical legacy, which influenced the development of state communications and trade across Eurasia.

The article “The Fall of the Mongol Empire” examines in detail the reasons behind the collapse of the greatest power of the Middle Ages. It analyzes the crisis of authority after Genghis Khan, the fragmentation into uluses, economic and administrative problems, popular uprisings, and external enemies. The text explains why an empire once considered invincible failed to preserve its unity and what historical legacy it ultimately left behind.

The article explores the phenomenon of the Pax Mongolica—the period of the 13th–14th centuries when the Mongol Empire united Eurasia into a single commercial and cultural space. You will learn how trade routes, infrastructure, religious tolerance, and the exchange of knowledge created an early form of medieval globalization and what historical legacy it left for later eras.

The Mongol war machine was one of the most effective in medieval history. This article explores in detail Mongol strategy and tactics, their weaponry, army organization, and strict discipline. You will learn why Mongol forces defeated more numerous enemies and how a nomadic army managed to build an empire stretching from China to Europe.

This article explores the life of Genghis Khan — from the difficult childhood of Temujin to the creation of the largest empire in Eurasia. You will learn about his key reforms, military genius, strategies of conquest, and lasting impact on world history. This material helps explain how Genghis Khan united divided tribes, built an efficient state, and left a legacy that remains visible even eight centuries later.

This article explores how the Mongol Empire transformed from a collection of scattered nomadic tribes into one of the most powerful states in world history. It traces Temujin’s early years, Genghis Khan’s military reforms, the empire’s rapid conquests, the rule of his successors, and the era of the Pax Mongolica, which bound Eurasia into a single network of trade and cultural exchange.

Explore the role of the grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire — from their official duties to the full extent of their power. Discover how these figures ran the state, shaped the course of history, and became the empire’s “shadow rulers.” This article covers an analysis of their authority, the evolution of their power, and vivid portraits of viziers from the Köprülü dynasty and beyond. Dive into the inner workings of a great empire through the lens of its top administrators.

Discover the truth about the sultan’s harem in the Ottoman Empire. Our article explores its structure, the hierarchy led by the Valide Sultan, the role of women in politics, and daily life behind closed doors. We dispel myths and reveal the harem’s real historical significance, its cultural influence, and the legacy that endures to this day. Dive into a unique world of power, intrigue, and tradition.

Roxelana (Hürrem Sultan): From Slave to Powerful Empress. Dive into the captivating biography of the woman who captivated Suleiman the Magnificent. Discover her real political influence, her monumental architectural legacy, and unravel the mystery of the personality behind the myths. How did a captive woman become the most powerful woman in the East? Read the article where facts are separated from fiction.

The Fall of Constantinople in 1453: How Mehmed II Changed the Course of World History. A detailed analysis of the siege, the reasons behind the fall of Byzantium, and the role of Ottoman artillery. Discover the consequences of the city’s capture for Europe and Asia, the conversion of Hagia Sophia into a mosque, and how this event marked the end of one era and the beginning of another.

Step into the era of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent — the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire. Discover his great military victories, wise legal reforms, and the flourishing of culture that forever changed the face of the East. Explore the legacy of the ruler who transformed the Ottomans into the world’s greatest power.

The Battle of Castillon in 1453 was the final clash of the Hundred Years’ War. Discover how Jean Bureau’s artillery crushed John Talbot’s army, why England permanently lost Guyenne, and how a single event brought a decisive end to a long-standing conflict. A detailed analysis of the fateful assault, its outcomes, and the historical significance of a battle that transformed European warfare.

Discover how the Ottoman Empire was born: from Osman Ghazi’s humble beylik to the fall of Constantinople. Follow the journey through great battles, brilliant reforms, and fateful defeats that transformed a nomadic tribe into a powerful empire, forever changing the course of European and Asian history.

Discover how Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orléans, achieved the impossible in 1429. Our article explores the pivotal Siege of Orléans, a major turning point in the Hundred Years' War. Learn how her leadership broke the English siege, fueled French momentum, led to Charles VII's coronation, and cemented her enduring legacy as a national icon and saint.

The Battle of Sluys 1340: How Edward III Secured English Naval Supremacy at the Start of the Hundred Years’ War? An in-depth analysis of the devastating defeat of the French fleet off the coast of Flanders. Explore the tactics of the longbow, France’s catastrophic losses, and the strategic consequences for control of the English Channel. Discover the decisive first naval battle of this prolonged conflict.

Edward the Black Prince — a legendary warrior and the eldest son of Edward III, whose victories at Crécy and Poitiers changed the course of the Hundred Years’ War. Discover how the young prince became the terror of France, why he earned his dark nickname, and how his knightly valor coexisted with brutality. Explore the life of a commander who never ascended the throne but remains forever etched in England’s memory. Dive into the story of brilliant triumph and tragic legacy.

The Treaty of Brétigny (1360): Why England’s triumph became a mirage. Explore a key episode of the Hundred Years’ War: the capture of King John II, France’s huge concessions, and the staggering ransom. Discover how a peace bought at the cost of humiliation collapsed due to territorial disputes, economic issues, and the Free Companies. Why did the brief respite only deepen the conflict? An analysis of the causes of failure and the tragic legacy of the treaty.

How did Edward the Black Prince’s tiny army crush the knightly power of France at Poitiers (1356)? Discover the greatest English victory of the Hundred Years’ War! Learn about the archers’ tactics, the capture of King John II, the chaos in France, and the road to peace at Brétigny. Dive into the drama of a battle that changed the course of medieval history. Explore the causes, the unfolding of the fight, and its shocking aftermath!