Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think.

Uncover the dramatic siege of Caffa in 1346 and the controversial claim that Mongol forces used plague-infected bodies as a weapon—an event often linked to the Black Death’s arrival in Europe. This article separates myth from evidence, explains who fought for Caffa and why it mattered, and shows how trade routes, ships, and human networks helped disease spread. A clear, engaging guide to history’s deadliest pandemic.

The article explores the life of Kublai Khan—the grandson of Genghis Khan and the founder of the Yuan dynasty. It traces his rise to power, the civil war within the Mongol Empire, the transformation of a nomadic khanate into a Chinese empire, his administrative reforms, military campaigns, and the reasons behind the fall of the Yuan. The text helps explain why Kublai Khan became one of the key figures in the medieval history of China and Eurasia.

The article explores how Genghis Khan’s generals — Subutai, Jebe, and Jelme — transformed the Mongol forces into the most effective army of the Middle Ages. It explains the principles of selection based on talent, the role of strategy, speed, and personal loyalty, and shows why the military system of the Mongol Empire changed the course of history and continues to be studied by historians and strategists today.

The article explores Tengrism as the foundation of the religion and worldview of the ancient Mongols. It explains belief in the Eternal Sky, the role of shamans, spirits, and rituals, the connection between religion, power, and conquest, as well as the legacy of Tengrism in the culture of Central Asia. The text helps clarify how shamanism shaped nomadic thinking and influenced the history of the Mongol Empire.